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主要来源
Choniates, Nicetas. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates.Trans. Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984
Comnena, Anna.The Alexiad. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter. New York: PenguinBooks, 1969.
Falcandus, Hugo.A History of the Tyrants of Sicily. Trans. G. A. Loud andT. E. J. Wiedemann. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
Houts, Elisabeth van, ed. The Normans in Europe. Trans. Elisabeth vanHoutes. New York: Manchester University Press, 2000.
Jumièges, William of. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni: Volume 1: Introduction and Books I-Ⅳ. Trans. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts. London: Oxford MedievalTexts, 1992.
Jumièges, William of. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni: Volume 2: Books V-Ⅷ.Trans. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts. London: Oxford Medieval Texts, 1995.
Psellus, Michael. Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter. NewYork: Penguin Books, 1966.
Poitiers, William of. The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers. Trans. R. H.C. Davis and Marjorie Chibnall. London: Oxford Medieval Texts, 1998.
